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standard [a]

1)	conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind; "windows of standard width"; "standard sizes"; "the standard fixtures"; "standard brands"; "standard operating procedure"

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modular normative regular regulation standardised stock normal amount nonstandard

2)	commonly used or supplied; "standard procedure"; "standard car equipment"

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common

3)	established or widely recognized as a model of authority or excellence; "a standard reference work"

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accepted authoritative basic casebook classic criterial orthodox nonstandard

4)	conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers; "standard English" (American); "received standard English is sometimes called the King's English" (British)

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received

5)	regularly and widely used or sold; "a standard size"; "a stock item"

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stock

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regular

standard [n]

1)	a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; "they set the measure for all subsequent work"

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criterion measure touchstone

2)	the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"

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criterion

3)	a board measure = 1980 board feet

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capacity_measure standardise

4)	the value behind the money in a monetary system

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monetary_standard

5)	an upright pole or beam (especially one used as a support); "distance was marked by standards every mile"; "lamps supported on standards provided illumination"

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post place_upright

6)	any distinctive flag

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flag oriflamme

From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing: (http://www.foldoc.org/, Editor Denis Howe)

Standards are necessary for interworking, portability, and reusability. They may be de facto standards for various communities, or officially recognised national or international standards.

Andrew Tanenbaum, in his Computer Networks book, once said, "The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from", a reference to the fact that competing standards become a source of confusion, division, obsolescence, and duplication of effort instead of an enhancement to the usefulness of products.

Some bodies concerned in one way or another with computing standards are IAB (RFC and STD), ISO, ANSI, DoD, ECMA, IEEE, IETF, OSF, W3C.

(1999-07-06)

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